Albert Einstein
"Einstein" redirects here. For other uses, see Einstein (disambiguation).

Albert Einstein (pronounced /ˈælbərt ˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist. He is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass–energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2. Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect."[1]
Einstein's many contributions to physics include:

• The special theory of relativity, which reconciled mechanics with electromagnetism
  
• The general theory of relativity, a new theory of gravitation obeying the equivalence principle.
  
• Founding of relativistic cosmology with a cosmological constant
  
• The first post-Newtonian expansion, explaining the perihelion advance of planet Mercury
  
• Prediction of the deflection of light by gravity and gravitational lensing
  
• An explanation for capillary action
  
• The first fluctuation dissipation theorem which explained the Brownian movement of molecules
  
• The photon theory and wave-particle duality derived from the thermodynamic properties of light
  
• The quantum theory of atomic motion in solids
  
• Zero-point energy
  
• The semiclassical version of the Schrodinger equation
  
• Relations for atomic transition probabilities which predicted stimulated emission
  
• The quantum theory of a monatomic gas which predicted Bose-Einstein condensation
  
• The EPR paradox
  
• A program for a unified field theory
  
• The geometrization of fundamental physics.
  

Einstein published more than 300 scientific works and more than 150 non-scientific works.[2][3] In 1999 Time magazine named him the Person of the Century, and in the words of a biographer, "to the scientifically literate and the public at large, Einstein is synonymous with genius."[4]:159